As early as the 11th century BC, after the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, there were special departments such as Dafu, Yufu, Nefu, and Foreign Government, which were responsible for managing various financial cashiers. This is the earliest treasury of China. Han Dynasty gold cake data map "Currency is not natural gold, gold is natural currency." Marx broke the essence of gold and money. The so-called currency is the medium of commodity trading, and the scarce and precious gold forms a physical currency because of its own value, without any identification. With the development of human society, physical currencies such as gold and silver have gradually faded out of people's horizons, and replaced by credit currencies such as banknotes. The so-called credit currency, in short, is only a credit circulation tool provided by the bank according to law, and its value is far lower than its monetary value. At present, almost all countries in the world issue credit currencies that do not independently play monetary functions based on any precious metals. Then the question comes. If there is political turmoil, political change, etc., will there be any legal basis for these legally recognized credit currencies? Once the legislative regime is over, the statutory banknotes are likely to become a pile of waste paper. During this period, the value of natural currency such as gold will naturally appear. It is precisely this reason that people often say that "the chaos of gold in the chaos". The ancient Roman temple is also the Central Clearing Bank. Since ancient times, humans seem to have an extraordinary fascination with gold. In the eyes of the ancient Egyptians, gold is a "touchable sun" and a symbol of the sun god. In the eyes of the ancient Romans, gold is the name of the goddess of dawn. Ancient Egyptian pharaohs used gold to build their thrones, especially the golden masks, golden coffins, and golden thrones of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, which are the most golden artifacts of today; the kings of ancient Europe held the golden scepter as power. The symbol of the King of Franks, the "Sword of Gold" is also an indispensable thing. When the painter draws a portrait for them, they must wear this sword... The wars, looting, killings caused by gold in all ages It is an endless book. As early as the 5th century BC, the ancient Greek lyric poet Pindar gave such a sigh: "Gold is the son of Zeus, neither locust nor rust can erode, but the human soul is eroded by this supreme wealth." In the era of the integration of politics and religion, gold not only made many kings obsessed with it, but also had a considerable weight in religion. Someone has done statistics. "There are more than 400 references to gold in the Bible. God personally instructed Moses, the agent of the world, to decorate his sanctuary and the tabernacle with gold, and the requirements are very detailed... In Buddhism, the color of gold has always been regarded as a sacred color. However, all Buddhist sacred objects often decorate the surface with yellow color. The so-called 'Buddha Gold Pack' has an aura, and the Buddha body is also often described as 'Museful Body, Golden Body'. Therefore, the Buddha also has a 'real gold is not afraid of fire refining'. It is precisely because the rulers of all ages are deeply aware of the preciousness and importance of gold. Therefore, every empire and every dynasty in history has its own treasury. At every time in times of trouble, this will be used to make the final. A beat to the bottom of the family. In the era of ancient Roman city-states, the national treasury was integrated with the temple. The treasury of the ancient Roman Republic is the Jupiter temple known as the "greatest religious temple" of ancient Rome. It is located in the Capitoline Hill in Rome, the first of which is the most important religious building in Rome, enshrining the three great gods of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. The Jupiter Temple is not only a religious center, but also plays the role of the Central Clearing Bank. The entire Italian currency credit system is built on the gold reserves of the Great Temple. At that time, Rome did not have direct control over the states, but through the reserve of a large amount of gold in the temple, Rome controlled the economic lifeline of Italy, which enabled it to hold the Italian allies with more overall strength than themselves. At the end of the ancient Roman Republic, the first three alliances broke, and the most powerful Gneius? Pompey was defeated by Caesar. Before fleeing from Rome, Pompey ignored the ban and took away a lot of gold as his own military expenses. This practice aroused the dissatisfaction of a large number of businessmen and officials, causing them to fall to Caesar and let Pompey finally It was defeated in September 48 BC. After Caesar reunified with Rome, he established the Rome-centered Roman Empire currency settlement system, and used the gold in the Roman treasury for hundreds of years as a collateral to unify the currency in the entire empire. Among the ancient Roman currencies, the most valuable is the gold coin, which has been maintained until the Roman Empire split and the barbarian invasion. Chinese dynasties pay attention to gold reserves In ancient China, although the wars caused by the looting of gold were not frequent as in the West, the rulers of the past also attached great importance to the gold reserves. As early as the 11th century BC, after the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, there were special departments such as Dafu, Yufu, Nefu, and Foreign Government, which were responsible for managing various financial cashiers. This is the earliest treasury of China. In the history books, there was always a record of “multiple gold†in the Western Han Dynasty. Today, there is a more radical view that the gold reserves of the Western Han Dynasty have equaled 41.4% of China’s 2003. At that time, “the gold is rewarded, the trade is traded with gold, and even The fines used are all gold." Although the "gold" in the ancient books does not necessarily refer to gold, but from the contemporary unearthed a large number of gold products in the Han Dynasty (such as a large number of gold cakes in the Shaanxi Museum), it seems that it can also prove the "Western Han Duojin" from the side. Since the gold in the ancient treasury is mainly derived from the development of gold mines, it can at least be inferred that the “multi-gold†Western Han Dynasty is a peak period for gold mining in China. In addition, in recent years, the "Golden Frog" and "Golden Turtle" of the Tang Dynasty, which has been rumored by the antiques industry, are said to have come from the Tang Dynasty treasury. However, there is no clear record in the historical materials. After all, the Han and Tang dynasties have a long history. How can it not be tested? Although the gold production and reserves of the Tang Dynasty were difficult to verify, the development of Guangxi and Hunan gold mines at that time was a sign that the southern gold mines began to be used. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the vast land of the western region was lost, and the Shandong Peninsula gold mine became the main source of gold mining development. During the Meng Dynasty, the peak annual output of gold exceeded 1 ton (more than 30,000 yuan), and records about the northeast gold mine began to appear in the history books. In the Ming Dynasty, Lijiang in Yunnan and northern Sichuan became the regions with the highest gold output, with a peak annual output of 1.25 tons (more than 40,000 yuan). In the early period of the Qing Dynasty, due to factors such as war and chaos, gold production once entered a trough. In the late Qing Dynasty, the output of gold mines in the northeast and inside of Mongolia increased significantly. “In 1888-1890, the average annual output in the late Qing Dynasty reached 13.5 tonsâ€, but it fell to 4.51 tons per year in 1901, only the peak of the previous period. 1/3. In 1911, it recovered to more than 15 tons (480,000 two). Chaos of gold Because the gold production and reserves of the ancient dynasty can only be speculated according to the literature and unearthed cultural relics, and each time the dynasty changes, what is the role of the gold stored in the treasury, and the lack of literature makes it difficult for future generations to have a more intuitive feeling. However, the recent regime change in China has been carried out before and after the collapse of the Kuomintang regime. The importance of gold has been exerted to the fullest. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the national economy of the Nationalist Government was on the verge of collapse. Especially after the outbreak of the civil war, the national government’s currency issuance has never stopped growing. By August 1947, the amount of legal currency circulation reached 663.694 billion yuan, which was better than the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. It was increased by about 1190.8 times. The surge in currency issuance has not only reduced the financial crisis, but has caused the collapse of the entire financial system. When the credit currency is in crisis, the value of gold as a natural currency will be fully reflected. First of all, the National Government began to sell gold and the US dollar at the end of 1946. It was not only after two months, but Shanghai, the financial center of China, had a wave of buying gold. “People are rushing to throw legal coins. Buying gold and foreign currency, gold has risen sharply against the French currency. On February 1st, 1 two gold legal coins were 408,000 yuan, and on February 10, it rose to 960,000 yuan. The depreciation of the French currency has reached a very low level and has actually collapsed. Under this circumstance, the government had to ban the sale of gold and ban foreign currency circulation in the country on February 17. Although the gold rush has been suppressed, it has not stopped the trend of the French currency. When the regime was in a state of turmoil, the rulers of the National Government naturally understood the importance of “the gold in the chaos.†The government began issuing gold vouchers in August 1948, which forced the exchange of gold, silver and foreign currency for nationalization. On January 10, 1949, Chiang Kai-shek, who had been determined to have lost in the mainland, appointed his son Jiang Jingguo to Shanghai to meet with the president of the Central Bank, Yu Hongjun, and asked him to transfer the US dollar and gold deposited by the Central Bank to Taiwan for storage. In fact, this secret shipment has started since the end of 1948. Under the direct command of Chiang Kai-shek, at least 4.5 million two gold were packed in wooden boxes and delivered to Taiwan in seven secrets within six months, the largest in China’s history. Gold cross-sea transport events. It is precisely because there is a large amount of gold as a backing, the Chiang Kai-shek government failed to implement the monetary reform after defeating Taiwan. The reform of the New Taiwan dollar was implemented on July 1, 1950, and stabilized the economy of Taiwan. In the turbulent times of the current turmoil, the impact of gold reserves on the survival of a regime can be seen. Federal Reserve: The largest vault in the world today Today, with the "global economic integration", although the issuance of credit currency has become the mainstream of modern countries, gold reserves are still an important form for a country to balance the balance of payments, maintain or influence the exchange rate, stabilize the national economy, and suppress Inflation and the improvement of international credit have a special role. Each country has its own vault, and the amount of gold reserves has become one of the strengths of the national strength. As early as more than 200 years ago, the Bank of England in London was thought to have stored more gold than anywhere else in the world, and the bank was thus known as the “mother of the central bankâ€. However, with the decline of the British Empire in the 20th century, the stored gold was continuously sold, especially after the baptism of World War II. A large amount of gold in the world has arrived in the United States from Europe, and the Bank of England’s status as the "world's largest treasury" Also replaced by the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States. The US Federal Reserve Bank consists of 12 Federal Reserve Districts, each with a major Federal Reserve Bank, which has branches in other cities in the region. The three largest Federal Reserve Banks are New York, Chicago, and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, which control more than 50% of the assets of the Federal Reserve System (discounted loans, securities, and other assets). The Fed was originally set up to stabilize and protect the US banking system. Later, with the increase in gold and foreign exchange reserves, its main responsibility has become to control inflation. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is located on Liberty Avenue in the financial district of Lower Manhattan, New York. From the exterior, the building is quite Renaissance style, but the two guards at the door reminded the visitors that this is not an ordinary humanity. Attractions, but a very important institution. The bank owns about a quarter of the assets of the entire Fed system. Its underground 5 floors are 15 meters below sea level, hiding the gold reserves of various countries. It is currently the world's largest vault. Even if you enter the bank's door, it is not easy to get close to the underground vault. On the corridor leading to the library, there are guards standing guarded by guns, and there is a large iron gate weighing 90 tons at the end of the road. "The staff who come in and out of here have some suits and ties, some are casual, but most of them are in a hurry, and they have to go through the 'waist card' check." Of course, the Fed’s vault is not a military secret base for "free people". Even ordinary people, as long as they make an appointment 1-3 months in advance, they will also have the opportunity to see their style. Such a high reserve is not just the wealth of the United States, but from all over the world. It is the central banks of European countries that first deposited the bunks here. After the outbreak of the Second World War, the Nazi-German army swept through Europe, France quickly succumbed to death, and the British struggled to change. Under such a situation, no one can predict what the future will be. In order to prevent the gold reserves from being looted by the war, the European central banks decided to transport the reserve bricks out of the war-torn Europe, to the United States and to the Federal Reserve, including what was once considered the world’s largest treasury. Bank of England. These countries firmly believe that the United States is the safest place no matter how the war situation changes. After World War II, central banks and international institutions in more than 60 countries successively deposited gold into the Federal Reserve. According to the information of the Cold War period, "West Germany has 2,960 tons of bricks, 2,590 tons of Switzerland, 2,540 tons of France, Italy. 2,073 tons, 1367 tons in the Netherlands, 1063 tons in Belgium, 754 tons in Japan..." Of course, the largest amount of gold storage at that time was the United States itself, with a total of 8,216 tons. Interestingly, the country following the United States was its Cold War. The biggest competitor of the Soviet Union, there are 3017 tons. Gold from all countries has finally achieved the world's largest vault. The Federal Reserve's underground vault has a total of 122 storage rooms. Each storage room has three locks on the door and a seal. The room is separated from the room by steel. The storage room can store up to nearly 110,000 pieces. The gold bricks are piled up to be 3 meters high, 3 meters wide and 5 meters long. The gold deposits in the whole gold stock are about 7,000 tons, accounting for about 1/4 of the world's official gold reserves of 29,300 tons. Of course, these storage rooms in the vault are rented to the storage country. There are only numbers on each door, not the country name. This is the Fed’s confidentiality for the transaction, because the vault also bears the function of the gold delivery. . Since many countries have stored gold here, if a gold deal is reached between the two countries, they only need to change the gold for the room, and the bricks will be moved from the country’s storage room to the storage room of the country of purchase. Only the room number showing the transfer of gold, no one knows who is behind the two room numbers. Such transactions are not only confidential, but also save high transportation costs and security risks during transportation. The convenience of transactions is an important reason why countries are willing to deposit gold into the Fed, which makes New York the current global gold trading center. However, it is worth noting that in the New York Federal Reserve treasury, only about 5% of the gold is owned by the US government. As mentioned above, after the end of World War II, the amount of BRIC storage in the United States was the highest in the world, which was as high as 8,216 tons. However, during the 30 years from the 1950s to the 1980s, the United States began to resell some of the gold to some. European countries. According to the Fed's convenient trading method, after purchasing gold from the United States, they only need to change rooms and do not need to remove them. Therefore, the amount of gold reserves in the Fed vault has not decreased. So where is the other gold in the United States? It is said to be scattered in several other safer places, such as one of the safest places in the United States, one of the US military bases in Fort Knox, just a few miles from Louisville, Kentucky. Some people think that half of the gold in the United States is stored. here. Mysterious Swiss treasury Compared with the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, the name of Swiss banks has spread more widely. Especially in the early days of Hong Kong's police films, there are often cases in which gangs, drug lords, corrupts and other villains deposit illegitimate money into Swiss banks. Why do so many people like to deposit money into Swiss banks? Mainly because of the national nature of Switzerland as a permanent neutral country, the money that exists here excludes the risk of being destroyed or politically affected by the freezing of funds in the war, so it is regarded as the safest place and everyone is willing to put money here. The Swiss bank, which is often referred to today, actually refers to the UBS Group, which was formed by the merger of UBS and UBS in 1998. Tracing back to history, the bank was formed by the merger of Winterthur Bank and the Togenberg Bank in 1912. After continuous mergers, it gradually became the world's largest bank. At present, there are 96 branches of UBS Bank. Recently, some media reported on the situation of one of the underground vaults in Basel, Switzerland. Judging from the photos published by the media, this underground room full of gold coins is glittering, like an animated character Shi Gaozhi? Mike Duck's "Money Pool". As one of the world's most famous banks, the Swiss bank's gold reserves are not as good as the Fed, but it is also staggering. However, there is a less glorious history between Swiss banks and gold. Before the outbreak of World War II, Jews who were good at doing business had a lot of wealth. Many Jews deposited gold and money in Swiss banks before the war. After the war broke out, the Nazis began to persecute Jews. Many Jews who had deposited in Swiss banks were The battalion was killed in the concentration camp, and the account number and password of the money were also reduced to ashes. However, after the end of World War II, "Swiss Bank only partially compensated for the symbolic, but concealed most of the deposits." The secret of the Swiss bank’s embezzlement of Jewish deposits was exposed in 1989 and remains a headless case. Because the descendants of these deposit owners usually don't know the name of the bank or the account number, they only know that their parents have property and often go to Switzerland. The Swiss bank was once involved in the scandal of the Nazi gold case. The reason was that the Nazis looted large amounts of gold in European countries during World War II. In order to hide their eyes, they re-cast most of the plundered gold into nearly 400 ounces each. A total of 12 kilograms of gold ingots are hidden in various parts of Germany and Imperial Bank, while others are hidden in banks in other neutral countries, and Swiss banks are the ideal safe for large Nazi gold. According to the article "Stained Blood: The Beginning and End of the "Nazi Gold Case" in Switzerland", "Before the end of World War II, the Swiss saw that the German gas was exhausted and ordered the freezing of the German account. In 1945, Switzerland signed an agreement with the Allies. Investigating all German property, but Switzerland insists that it maintains independence in terms of how the gold is valued, that is, not based on the Allied estimates. Since the Cold War began in 1946, Western allies need not only neutrality but also neutrality in Switzerland. The money in the Swiss bank is needed for post-war reconstruction, so the United States persuaded Britain and France to accept the Swiss position...†The final result of the case was that Switzerland returned 60 million U.S. dollars to Britain, France and the United States. It is estimated that there are more than 500 million US dollars of Nazi gold in the Swiss bank." Then, as a neutral country, Switzerland manages the gold in its national treasury. Like the banks such as the Federal Reserve and UBS, the gold of the Swiss Treasury is also stored underground. The most mysterious one is in the underground of the square in front of the Swiss Federal Government Building and the Federal Parliament Building in Bern. It is said that the vault is underground. The anti-nuclear bomb in the 100-meter area has never been opened to the outside world. Of course, Switzerland also has a number of treasury reserves of gold that are open to the public. Some people analyze their purpose "to show off the safety of reserves and attract more foreign custodian customers." In the open vault, “hundreds of square meters of basement is marked with 99.9% purity goldâ€, but the most striking thing is not the accumulation of gold, but the extremely complete safety facilities of the vault. The Swiss treasury is the best in the world. “Each aisle and entrance are equipped with advanced infrared electronic detection systems. Any abnormal movements and foreign objects cannot escape their monitoring. Every entry is made by the door. Three people in charge of three different keys simultaneously put the key into the lock slot, and after passing the infrared scan test of the key holder ID card, fingerprint, and eyeball, enter a series of passwords consisting of a mixture of numbers and letters, only the above The procedure is correct, and the first door of the heavy treasury can be opened." Those who enter the vault are quite free, can watch, touch gold, or even buy. Of course, the premise of all this is to be carried out under the supervision of the accompanying personnel and the camera. The safety equipment of the vault will be All visitors and staff were monitored 24 hours a day, and videotaped for videotaping. The most local tycoon in Russia Compared with the Swiss treasury that can be visited by the public, the Russian treasury is the most secret state institution. It is said that the world treasures, no matter the quantity or the species, have no second place in the world. Because Russia's national treasury not only has the same gold reserve function as the Federal Reserve and the Swiss National Treasury, it is also a treasure house of valuable jewelry, cultural relics, precious stones, coins and other valuables. The Russian National Treasury is housed in a gray multi-storey building. The exterior is very ordinary. The elevators in the building are old and small, but each room is equipped with a heavy steel door. The room is lined with numbers. safe. Before the collection is in the income vault, it must be carefully selected by the special committee beforehand. Only the treasures with cultural or historical value can be selected. For example, the treasures of the Russian aristocratic family acquired or confiscated during the Soviet period and the spoils of several wars in Russian history. Of course, in this vault, the largest storage is gold. The reporters of "Review Weekly" are one of the few people who can get close to this mysterious vault. According to reports, "The gold storage in the vault is the largest. I see that the gold nuggets here are very large and weigh about 12-13 kg. Ordinary Russian citizens can't buy such big gold in the bank, they can only buy gold bars from 1g to 1000g..." Many people think that the Russian treasury is a historical exhibition hall that can't be entered, but in fact the gold and treasures in the treasury can also be traded with other countries. However, whether it is selling or transferring the collection of the national treasury, there must be Presidential order. In addition to countless gold, jewellery and artifacts, the Russian treasury has a unique landscape, which is the presence of a large number of female employees. According to reports, the daily work of the treasury staff is to pick out the big gems. The small gems are classified according to size, color, texture and shape, and there are about 400 to 9000 kinds. “Don't sort, pack, classify, and repack the gemstones day after day. Just like sorting the grain, the work is very boring. The pickers need to be very careful and patient. Only the ingenious and careful women are suitable. This kind of work." At present, Russia is also one of the few countries in the world that still buy a lot of gold and reserve gold. In this regard, the director of the Russian treasury? Lei Bujin once stated that "although the annual gold market supply exceeds 200 tons, as many gold prices continue to fall, many countries have begun to reduce gold reserves, but any country will reserve an appropriate amount of gold according to their national conditions." Gold is the country's safest way to store. Baseball cap is a type of soft cap with a rounded crown and a visor in front, generally have two styles, six panel baseball caps and five panel baseball caps. Around the crown of cap typically displays a logo or names of relevant companies or other design artworks, when used as a commercial marketing technique. There are about 6 sewed eyelets on cap crown. The cap may be fitted to the wearer`s head or the back have closure, size can be adjustable to fit different wearers` heads. Baseball Caps,Baseball Caps For Men,Baseball Caps For Women,Designer Baseball Caps Shandong Urelia International Co., Ltd. , https://www.ureliacaps.com